Article 169. Subordinate Courts

(1) The subordinate courts are–

• (a) the Magistrates courts;
• (b) the Kadhis’ courts;
• (c) the Courts Martial; and
• (d) any other court or local tribunal as may be established by an Act of Parliament, other than the courts established as required by Article 162(2).

(2) Parliament shall enact legislation conferring jurisdiction, functions and powers on the courts established under clause (1).